In addition to these risks is the adverse effect of projected sea level rise on agriculture in important low-lying delta areas, such as in Bangladesh, Egypt, Vietnam, and parts of the African coast. Sea-level rise would likely impact many mid-latitude coastal areas and increase seawater penetration into coastal aquifers used for irrigation of coastal plains.
Further risks are posed by the likelihood of increased drought in mid-latitude regions and increased flooding at higher latitudes. Large-scale extreme events, such as major floods that interfere with food production, could bring about nutritional deficits and an increase in the incidence of epidemic diseases.
Flooding can introduce contaminants and disease agents into healthy water supplies and increase the spread of diarrheal and of respiratory illnesses. The effects of climate change on agricultural production may exacerbate under-nutrition and malnutrition in many regions—already major contributors to child mortality in developing countries. Despite significant efforts to improve health services for example, improved medical care, vaccination development, and surveillance programs , significant additional impacts on poverty levels and human health are predictable.
Changes in temperature, precipitation rates, and humidity influence vector-borne diseases for example, malaria and dengue fever as well as hantaviruses, leishmaniasis, Lyme disease, and schistosomiasis.
Further health impacts of climate change could include injuries and deaths due to extreme weather events. Heat-amplified levels of smog could exacerbate respiratory disorders and heart and blood vessel diseases, while in some regions climate change—induced increases in concentrations of aeroallergens pollens, spores , could amplify rates of allergic respiratory disorders.
Economic growth and population increases over the 21st century will increase the pressure on a planetary ecosystem that is already approaching critical limits and boundaries. Climate change will likely undermine further the resilience of many natural and managed ecosystems.
The projected impacts on water availability, ecosystems, agriculture, and human health could lead to large-scale displacement of populations and have adverse consequences for human security and economic and trade systems. Projections of damage costs for climate change impacts do not provide an adequate consideration of cascade effects at national and regional scales. For example, if a resource is undermined by climate change impact, it could disturb a supply chain for a manufactured product, which in turn leads to a shortage that could impact the exploitation of another resource, etc… However, in an increasingly globalized world that experiences further specialization in production systems, and thus higher dependency on infrastructure to deliver produced goods, damages to infrastructure systems can lead to substantial indirect impacts.
Seaports are an example of an initial point where a breakdown in infrastructure could trigger impacts that reach far beyond the particular location of the loss, in addition their cumulative and interacting effects are not still well understood.
At such tipping points, the existing institutions would likely become much less effective at supporting the needed adaptation actions or could even collapse.
Biome Shifts — The report projects entire ecosystems will transform, with about 13 percent of land areas projected to see their ecosystems shift from one type of biome to another at 2 degrees Celsius warming — about 50 percent more area than at 1. In the Mediterranean biome, desert and arid vegetation is projected to expand above 1.
Rainforests and Boreal Forests — According to the report, warming of 1. But that increase is projected to be 0. About Risks are projected to be highest in South and Southeast Asia, but sea level rise will significantly impact areas all around the world to varying degrees.
Slowing the rate of sea level rise would allow humans and ecological systems to better adapt, particularly in small islands, low-lying coastal areas and deltas. Polar Ice Sheets — The report states, with medium confidence, that at an increased level of warming between 1.
The oceans will become more acidic due to higher concentrations of carbon dioxide at 1. Sea Ice — At 1. Loss of sea ice at 1. Marine Ecosystems — At 1. This relocation of species will have mostly negative impacts for humans, but some areas will see short-term gains, such as fisheries in Northern Hemisphere high latitudes. These risks are higher at 2 degrees Celsius warming.
Fisheries and aquaculture will be less productive. Some ecosystems, such as coral reefs and kelp forests, are less able to move and are therefore more threatened.
Ocean warming, acidification and more intense storms will cause coral reefs to decline by 70 to 90 percent at 1. Their loss would sharply decrease biodiversity in these regions and directly impact about a half billion people worldwide who depend of coral reefs for food, livelihoods, coastal protection, tourism, and other ecosystem services.
Ocean food webs — interconnected systems such as pteropods, bivalves, krill and fin fish that transfer solar energy and nutrients from phytoplankton to higher animal species — will see increasingly higher risks of impact at 1.
Many marine and coastal ecosystems will see increased risks of irreversible loss at 2 degrees Celsius warming. Loss of mangrove trees increases at both temperature thresholds, reducing their ability to serve as natural barriers that provide coastal protection from storms, rising seas and waves.
Disadvantaged and vulnerable populations, some indigenous peoples and communities with livelihoods based on agriculture or coastal resources will be at the highest risk. Regions at highest risk include Arctic ecosystems, dryland regions, small-island developing states and the least developed countries. Some populations will see increased poverty and disadvantages.
Heat-Related Illness and Mortality — The risk of heat-related illness and death will be lower at 1. Cities will experience the worst impacts of heatwaves due to the urban heat island effect, which keeps them warmer than surrounding rural areas.
Impacts will vary by region due to many factors such as the ability of populations to adjust to changes in their environment, vulnerability of populations, their human-made surroundings and access to air conditioning. Welcome back! Sign in to start taking action. Not a Global Citizen yet? Sign up. Thanks for signing up as a global citizen. In order to create your account we need you to provide your email address.
You can check out our Privacy Policy to see how we safeguard and use the information you provide us with. If your Facebook account does not have an attached e-mail address, you'll need to add that before you can sign up. Please contact us at contact globalcitizen. Political leaders continue to back the fossil fuel industry even as forests burn, the ocean heats up, permafrost melts, and animals the world over lose their habitats.
The world is currently on track to warm more than 3 degrees Celsius , a frightening scenario, unless the global economy is radically transformed. We know how to transform the global economy — phase out fossil fuels and extractive industries and let the planet heal. Now, we have to let scientists and community organizers lead the way toward a just transition.
When the Paris climate agreement was signed in , its architects drew on the most sophisticated science available when warning world leaders not to let temperatures rise more than 1. Since then, climate data has become even more unequivocal. Allen, J. Boschung, A.
Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P. Midgley eds. Fahey, K. Hibbard, D. Dokken, B. Stewart, and T. Maycock eds. We value your feedback Help us improve our content Your Email Address.
Security code. History of Earth's temperature since Earth's temperature history as a roller coaster.
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